Types of IP Addresses and Their Uses in Networking

Need of IP Address?

Imagine you're at a large party with dozens of people, and someone calls out your name to hand you a gift.

Your name is crucial for identifying you in the crowd. 

Similarly, an IP address acts as a unique identifier for computers, smartphones, and other devices, allowing them to recognize and communicate with one another.

Without IP addresses, devices on a network wouldn't be able to connect with each other, making communication impossible.

What is an IP Address?

An IP address (Internet Protocol address) is a unique string of numbers assigned to a device connected to a network.  

Without IP addresses, communication between devices wouldn’t be possible.

Types of IP Addresses

There are two significant types of IP addresses:

• Private IP Address
• Public IP Address

Private IP Addresses

A private IP address is assigned to devices within a private network, such as your home network or office network. 

These addresses are not directly accessible from the internet and are used for communication within the local network.

Example of Private IP Addresses

Your laptop, smartphone, and smart TV at home may have private IP addresses like:

192.168.0.1 (Laptop)

192.168.0.2 (Desktop)

192.168.0.3 (Smartphone)

192.168.0.4 (Smart TV)

These devices can communicate with each other without being exposed to the public internet.

Private IP Address Range

Private IP addresses are reserved for use within private networks (like homes or offices) and are not routable on the public internet. 

These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) in RFC 1918.

Here are the private IP ranges:

Class A:

Range: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Typical Use: Large organizations with extensive internal networks.

Class B:

Range: 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Typical Use: Medium-sized networks.

Class C:

Range: 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255

Typical Use: Home networks and small offices.

Public IP Addresses

Public IP Addresses are unique addresses assigned to devices that connect directly to the internet. 

These addresses are visible on the internet and can be accessed from anywhere across the globe.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs) provide public IP addresses, which are critical for devices or servers that need to be accessible over the internet.

Example of Public IP Addresses

Your ISP might assign you a public IP like 203.0.113.42. you can check what Public IP is assigned to you by going to google and typing what is my ip address.

When you visit a website like www.amazon.com your public IP is used to communicate with amazon server on the internet.

Public IP Address Range

Public IP address range consist of any IP Address not used in the private IP address and the reserved range.

Example

163.53.76.86 

108.158.57.229

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